All About About Erik Erikson’s TheoryAll About About Erik Erikson’s Theory
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development, initially published in 1950, laid out stage of life and development eight stages a person is able to go through in order to attain health. Each stage involves a crisis which either strengthens or damages personality. The theory is based on Freud’s psychosexual stage and also includes influences from society. Although it has been criticized for its broad generalizations but it remains an essential part of psychological thinking. It was also useful in re-conceptualizing middle and late adulthood, allowing us to see them as a time of active personal growth, not just an opportunity to get by.
The infant stage is the first that lasts around 18 months. In this stage infants are dependent on their caregivers. The baby learns to trust their caregivers by watching how they respond to their needs, including feeding and comforting. The care they receive during this stage has long-lasting implications for their confidence as well as their sense of self.
Toddlerhood is the second stage of Erikson’s psychosocial theory and occurs between 18 months and 2 years. This is the time when the child’s confidence in themselves grows. Success or failure during this period will have a profound impact on the growth of their personality. Children who are unable to overcome their shame and doubt will have to struggle with the issues for the rest of their lives. If a child is able to get through this stage successfully then they may be able to develop intimate relationships in later life.
The third stage of preschool is in Erikson’s theory and occurs between ages 3 and 5. At this stage children are learning how to socialize with others and build confidence in themselves. This is the time when teachers and parents should concentrate on encouraging and positive interactions with their children. Positive interactions can foster the children’s independence and offer guidance and support. Negative interactions, such as negative criticism or indifference could harm confidence in a child’s self.
The elementary school is the fourth phase of Erikson’s theory. It takes place between 6 and 12 years old age. It is at this point that a child starts to feel pressured by being accepted by others like teachers and peers. It is at this point when a child is beginning to realize their professionalism or their capacity to be a hard worker towards goals and achievements. Children who are acknowledged for their efforts and encouraged by their teachers will develop a sense of confidence and will not be compelled to compare themselves to others.
As they reach middle age Many people begin to think about their own mortality. There are people who feel regrets about actions they’ve accomplished or didn’t do. Someone who overcomes the issues of this phase is likely to enjoy a satisfying and rich retirement. However, if they don’t resolve these issues then they could experience a mid-life crisis that can cause serious mental health problems.